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Effects of Puberty Blockers and Cross-Sex Hormones on Bone Health

Gays Against Groomers

Biggs, M. (2021). Revisiting the effect of GnRH analogue treatment on bone mineral density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism: JPEM, 34(7), 937–939. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0180


Schagen et al., (2020). Bone Development in Transgender Adolescents Treated With GnRH Analogues and Subsequent Gender-Affirming Hormones. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 105(12), dgaa604. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa604


Lee et al., (2020). Low Bone Mineral Density in Early Pubertal Transgender/Gender Diverse Youth: Findings From the Trans Youth Care Study. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 4(9), bvaa065. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa065


Joseph, T., Ting, J., & Butler, G. (2019). The effect of GnRH analogue treatment on bone mineral density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria: findings from a large national cohort. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 32(10), 1077–1081. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0046


Stoffers, I. E., de Vries, M. C., & Hannema, S. E. (2019). Physical changes, laboratory parameters, and bone mineral density during testosterone treatment in adolescents with gender dysphoria. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 16(9), 1459–1468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.06.014


Delgado-Ruiz, R., Swanson, P., & Romanos, G. (2019). Systematic Review of the Long-Term Effects of Transgender Hormone Therapy on Bone Markers and Bone Mineral Density and Their Potential Effects in Implant Therapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(6), 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060784


Stevenson, M. O., & Tangpricha, V. (2019). Osteoporosis and Bone Health in Transgender Persons. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 48(2), 421–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2019.02.006


Dobrolińska, M., van der Tuuk, K., Vink, P., van den Berg, M., Schuringa, A., Monroy-Gonzalez, A. G., García, D. V., Schultz, W. C. M. W., & Slart, R. H. J. A. (2019). Bone Mineral Density in Transgender Individuals After Gonadectomy and Long-Term Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 16(9), 1469–1477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.06.006


Vlot, M. C., Klink, D. T., den Heijer, M., Blankenstein, M. A., Rotteveel, J., & Heijboer, A. C. (2017). Effect of pubertal suppression and cross-sex hormone therapy on bone turnover markers and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) in transgender adolescents. Bone, 95, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.008


Klink, D., Caris, M., Heijboer, A., van Trotsenburg, M., & Rotteveel, J. (2015). Bone Mass in Young Adulthood Following Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Treatment and Cross-Sex Hormone Treatment in Adolescents With Gender Dysphoria. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 100(2), E270–E275. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2439

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